ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effects of dietary non-phytate phosphorus (NPP) and 1a-hydroxycholecalciferol (1a-OH-D3) on the growth performance, bone mineralization, and carcass traits of 1- to 21-day-old broiler chickens. On the day of hatch, 600 male Ross 308 chicks were weighed and randomly assigned to 12 treatments, with five cages of 10 birds each. A 6 × 2 factorial arrangement was applied, consisting of 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30%, 0.35%, 0.40%, or 0.45% NPP and 0 or 5 μg/kg of 1a-OH-D3. The basal diet contained 0.52% calcium (Ca) and was not supplemented with vitamin D3. Dietary NPP levels significantly affected growth performance and tibia mineralization (except width) of broilers; by contrast, meat yield and organ relative weight were not influenced by NPP. The inclusion of 1a-OH-D3 improved growth performance, tibia mineralization, and carcass and breast yield, whereas it decreased the relative weights of the liver, heart, and kidney. A significant interaction between NPP and 1a-OH-D3 was observed for body weight gain (BWG), feed efficiency (FE), mortality, serum Ca and P levels, tibia breaking-strength, ash weight, and Ca content, as well as breast yield and heart relative weight. These results suggest that broilers fed with 5 μg of 1a-OH-D3 per kg of diet obtain optimal growth performance and tibia mineralization when dietary NPP level was 0.30% and the analyzed Ca to NPP ratio was 1.97.

This study constructs a practical fuzzy three-dimensional axial assignment model, and proposes two efficient algorithms to solve the model. In our case, the model is applied to team performance management in a company to promote the performance of all members in a team. Two algorithms, namely the index-based branch and bound (B&B) algorithm and the f-g trade-off algorithm, which is a hybrid of the trade-off and B&B concepts, are proposed. A numerical example is presented to illustrate these two algorithms. The computational results show that the proposed algorithms are sufficiently efficient and accurate. Two special cases are also discussed.

'n Praktiese, wasige, driedimensionele aksialetoekenningsmodel word voorgehou en twee doeltreffende algoritmes om die model op te los word voorgestel. Die model word toegepas op die spanprestasiebestuur in 'n maatskappy met die doel om die spanlede se vertoning te verbeter. Twee algoritmes, naamlik die indeksgebaseerde vertak-en-begrens algoritme en die f-g kompromie algoritme, word voorgestel. 'n Numeriese voorbeeld word ter illustrasie van die twee algoritmes voorgehou. Die resultate toon dat die voorgestelde algoritmes doeltreffend en akkuraat is. Twee spesiale gevalle word ook bespreek.